Oil burner



F. vMARION OIL BURNER sept. 1s, 1930.

Fi-led Sept. 2, 1926 SW1/toil I jlank Mari on,

Patented Sept. 16, 1930 JUNITED STATES FRANK MARION, oF BARRE, VERMONT,'AssIGNon 0F ONE-HALF M x oFYBVARnE, VERMONT j j appuntamenti satember'fThi's application acontiniiation in part of my prior application` No.84,410, filed January28, 1926.

It is any object` of the invention to effect,

mumV liability of impairment of its function by carbonizing offuel orfailure to operate under', extreme fluctuations of the fireas isordinarily' experienced in domestic installa2 tions. For this reason, itis especially adaptao ed to use in connection withv automatic controlgbythermostats exposed in lapartments required vto `be maintained at apredetermined temperature. It is aljspeeilic aim of the'invention toconstruct a burner of thisl type 25 inv which the main flame maybemaintained under widely varied operating conditions, and especiallyobviating liability of extinguishing theflame when operated at a low lcapacity and when starting from low fire to high fire, thereby obviatingneed for auxiliary devices, such as the pilot light or hand controls. j,y

' It is a special object to embody a burner which will bea combinedretort and open pot vaporizer operating at high efficiency. This is,especiallydesirable on account of the fact that many]` fuel voilscarbonize excessively, and thelbuyer without being aware of this maysecure 'such' an oil and quickly choke a 40 retort burner 'byaccumulation of carbon in the passages.I y Y 4 Additional objects,advantages and features of invention reside inthe construction, jarrangement Aand combination of parts involved, will be readily`understood from the following descriptionl and accompanying drawings,wherein j i Y 'j Figure '1 isla topview of a preferred forni Y j oftheburner in oblngform; Y j 4 5o Figure' 2'isan end elevation of thisburner.

PAT'E-Nrforrica To ELWINL. sco'r'r,

OIL BURNER 2, 1926. Serial No. 133,261.

in plan, with a substantial excess of length,

over the width, to produce the eifectsdef scribed in forming the flamein the manner of use described. A centrifugal action of the burner onthe flame is obtained with peculiar advantage inthe oblong burner, inconjunction with a forced draft and a restricted fianie'opening throughthe topof the burner, the effect being to cause the flame to assume anenlarged oblong form (as viewed from above when the burner is set withits bottoni horizontally), by a new manner of functioning incontradistinction to the forming of anoblong area of flame merely byallowing itsV exit from an oblong opening. This burner is especiallyuseful in domestic cooking stoves, and elsewhere where such forni offlame is desired. The flame opening in the top of the burner iscircular, the diameter being less than the width of the chamber in theburner and the opening is located midway of the length of the burner. 1twill be noted that the inlet for air is at one end of the oblong burnerand to one side, so that the air is caused to initially pass closelyaround Vthe outer wall of the burner, the point of admission ofvaporized fuel or gas to the burner being closely adjacent the point ofadmission of the air. In the resultant ac tion of the burner the gasmixture (air and fuel) after moving longitudinally of the burner isfound to project itself outwardly through the flame opening in greatervolume and to a greater distance than gas moving transversely of theburner as it passes through the opening-that is to say, the flame isprojected to greater distances toward the ends of the burner than towardthe sides.

ln accordance with the disclosure in my prior application, air issupplied to the large tangential neck portions of the burner, which Iillustrate so as to move at a high rate of speedinto the burner. At fullnormal operation the speed of the air current through Gil the neck isgreater than the rate of propagation of the flame, so that burning offuel immediately at the inlet does not then occur. However, if thecontrol be such that the burner is operated at a maximum capacity whenheat is required, and at other times lim-- ited to a pilot flame at thejet opening, it will be seen that the flame may burn at the inlet whenthe operation is restricted without liability of carbonizing at theinlet, owing to the low heating capacity of the flame.

The body of the burner comprises a single casting formed with verticalsides and open throughout at the top. The cover 5l also in one pieceincludes a block element 52, adapted to fit down into the inlet passageor neck 4l. This block 52 has a face downwardly inclined from the outerend so that it serves to direct the incoming air downwardly toward thebottom of the burner to some extent, having the effect of preventing airfrom moving to the upper part of the burner before being mixed with fuelvapor. Also, at the side of the passage 4l just at its entrance to thebody of the burner, and

next the medial line of the burner, a vertical vane 5S is formedintegrally with the wall of the burner, inclining part way across themouth of the entrance 4l approximately at an angle of 45 degrees butstopping short of the outer side of the inlet, whereby the incoming bodyof air is deflected toward the extreme outer side of the burner as theair moves inward. A longitudinal oil channel 54 is formed at theentrance side of the burner nel 54 is of moderate width, the boss 55extending the full width of the channel. The channel is formed by meansof a raised rib 57, spaced from the center of the burner and extendingthroughout its length from adj acent the base of the vane 53 to the farend of the burner, it being considered important that this rib 57 shouldbe rather thin in its upper part, so that it may be rapidly heated so asto effect quick vaporization of oil coming in contact therewith. Adistance from the boss inwardly in the channel 54, a transverse dam 58is formed, andv it should bc noted that this is of a height slightlyless than that of the boss 55, and the apex of the rib 57 is at adistance above the top of the boss 55, but lower than the bottom of thepassage 4l. The bottom of this burner is horizontal exteriorly, and thebottom of the channel 54 is flat. The upper surface of the bottom fromthe base of the rib 57 opposite the channel 54 is inclined upwardlytoward the distant side of the burner, as at 59, for the double purposeof affording a thickened body of metal which is adapted to accumulateheat, and also to cause the oil body to be quite thin at its edge overthe surface 59, facilitating its rapid vaporization after the oil hasaccumulated sufficiently to overflow the rib 57. A drain outlet 60 isformed in the lower face ofthe inlet passage 41'" in the; lower part ofwhich the drain pipe may be fitted in the customary way, the upper partof the opening 60 being extended laterally, if desired, as shown inFigure l0.

In this construction of burner, it is believed it will be understoodthat the entering air will tend to move oil admitted through the opening56 rapidly toward the opposite endV of the burner, so that it willoverflow the rib 57 principally at the inner end in case such overflowoccurs while av substantial draft is on. It is to be understood thatthisI type of burner is to be operated with high pressure air supply, inaccordance with disclosures in my prior application, or other approvedpractices for the supply of air under forced draft. Owing to the highlyefficient functioning of these devices, the quantity of gases requiredto be moved is much less for the heating of an ordinary domestic boilerthan is ordinarily involved in the use of coal, and therefore, in theinstallation of my invention it is customary to adjust the damper oftheordinary boiler furnace so that the draft. therethrough is muchrestricted. This has an important effect in conserving heat, enablingthe burner to be operated at highest capacity,l but when operated at lowcapacity, prevents, an excess of cold air entering the furnace or toofree, an escape of hot gases. In this respect, there- 1s a greatadvantage over the use of burners.

which require the damper to be. left openin order that there shall be aminimum obstruction to the full movement of gases through,

reached at which a considerable surface is ditions a maximum surface offuelis exposed` to the heat of the flame directly in my burner, as wellas spread over a. greatly increased area of hot metal. It should be.notedthat the provisionof the transverse dam. 5,8, produces a wellportionin which` oil, after flowing across the top surface of the, boss,5,5. will be caused to again spread over the face of the dam 58suitably, and also upon the inner bottom portion of the channel 54. Forconvenience in installation, the burners are each formed with acylindrical vertical lug 62 on the bottom at a suitable location, uponwhich the sleeve of a tripod 63 may be slipped, the tripod being made inany approved construction to support the burner at a desired height.

The opening through the top of the cover 51 in its relation to theburner as viewed from above is shown in dot and dash lines in Figure lat 64.

I claim:

1. An oblong chambered burner body hav ing a top with a restricted flameopening, an air inlet conduit in line with one longitudinal side of thechamber and opening on the end of the chamber, a liquid fuel channel inline with the inlet at said one side, a liquid fuel inlet opening formedin an operative feeding relation to said channel adjacent said inletopening, an elevated spreading surface around said fuel inlet opening,the bottom of the burner opposite said channel being shaped to form oilspreading means.

2. A burner structure shaped to Jform an oblong chamber having arestricted circular flame opening at the top, an air inlet neck portionat one end in line with one side of the chamber, fuel oil inlet meansadjacent the air inlet, an oil channel along the one side in line withthe inlet and oil spreading surfaces formed on the burner bottom toreceive oil moved beyond the channel by entrant air, and means todeflect entrant air toward the said channel.

3. A burner consisting of a chambered structure the chamber of which issubstantially elongated, said burner having a single central flameopening from the chamber in the upper part materially smaller than themajor dimension of the chamber, said chamber having an air inlet at oneend immediately adjacent one side shaped to direct entrant air alongthat side of the chamber, and means to supply ignitable fuel in theburner chamber, whereby when air enters the air inlet at high speed, itwill move principally along one side of the chamber, across the far end,return and pass across the end adjacent the inlet, then move beside andinwardly of the body of air previously admitted, mixing with the gasesof the fuel and causing the gases leaving the burner to be projectedlargely toward the ends of the burner forming ya ilame oblong in planwhen the device is in operation.

In testimony whereof I aix my signature.

FRANK MARION.

